Methodology deep-dives, population spotlights, and engineering notes from the Ancestrify team — qpAdm modelling, ancient DNA panels, and how genetic ancestry analysis really works.
3 stories
A Global25 model and a testing company's ethnicity estimate answer different questions with different references and different time depths. What each is actually computing, and which to trust for which claim.
What a 23andMe or AncestryDNA ethnicity estimate measures, what an ancient-DNA ancestry test measures instead, why the two disagree by design, and how to run the second one on the raw file you already have.
23andMe does not produce G25 coordinates — but its raw data file is a good starting point. How to download it, what the v5 chip actually covers, and the exact route from file to coordinate row.